Oracle database installation

 Oracle Database Software Installation Methods for

Linux

• Image-based

- DBA downloads the database software and runs the setup wizard

- DBA has more control on the options

• RPM-based

- DBA downloads the database software rpm and installs it - Quick installation with less options

- Available from 18c onwards

Oracle Database Installation Procedure

1. Make sure the server machine meets the requirements

2. Prepare the installation target machine

3. Download the required software

- Download Oracle database software

- In some configurations: download the Grid Infrastructure software

4. (optional) Download the lates available Release Update (RU), Release

Update Revision (RUR), or Patchset from Oracle Support

5. Install Oracle Database software (and Grid if needed)

6. (optional) Apply the patches

7. Create the database

Oracle Database Release/Version

• For production systems, if possible, always use the most recent Long

Term Release (19c).

• Do not use the latest Innovation Release (21c) for production systems,

unless specifically required by the system or for testing purposes

Preparing the Database Server Machine

• Install any required missing libraries

• Perform some configurations

• Create software OS users and groups

Installing the Required Libraries

• The easiest way to install the required libraries:

• Do not use the command in an engineered system

• For list of the required packages, refer to the section “Operating

System Requirements for x86-64 Linux Platforms” in the installation

documentation

Configuring Kernel Parameters for Linux

• Automictically set by the following command:

• It creates the following file:

yum install oracle-database-preinstall-19c

cat /etc/sysctl.d/99-oracle-database-preinstall-19c-sysctl.conf

Manually Configuring Kernel Parameters for Linux

# cat /etc/sysctl.d/97-oracle-database-sysctl.conf

fs.aio-max-nr = 1048576

fs.file-max = 6815744

kernel.shmall = 2097152

kernel.shmmax = 4294967295

kernel.shmmni = 4096

kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128

net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000 65500

net.core.rmem_default = 262144

net.core.rmem_max = 4194304

net.core.wmem_default = 262144

net.core.wmem_max = 1048576

# /sbin/sysctl --system

Disabling Transparent HugePages

1. Check if the Transparent HugePages is enabled:

2. Add the transparent_hugepage parameter to GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX

in /etc/default/grub. For example:

3. Run the following command and restart the machine:

cat /sys/kernel/mm/transparent_hugepage/enabled

GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX="crashkernel=auto rhgb quiet

transparent_hugepage=never"

grub2-mkconfig -o /boot/grub2/grub.cfg

Configuring Users, Groups and Environment Variables

1. Create the OSDBA group (by standard it is dba):

2. Create Oracle database software owner user:

• If oinstall group is not there, create it.

• It is recommended to create oper group

/usr/sbin/groupadd -g 54322 dba

useradd -u 54321 -g oinstall –G dba oracle

Configuring Oracle Software Owner Environments

1. Verify that the default shell for oracle is Bash shell:

2. Add the following to .bash_profile of oracle:

echo $SHELL

ORACLE_SID=ORADB; export ORACLE_SID

ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracle; export ORACLE_BASE

ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/19.0.0/db_1; export ORACLE_HOME

PATH=.:${PATH}:$ORACLE_HOME/bin

PATH=${PATH}:/usr/bin:/bin:/usr/local/bin

export PATH

umask 022

The Important Environment Variables

Variable Description

ORACLE_BASE the root directory of the Oracle Database directory tree

Example: /u01/app/oracle

ORACLE_HOME the directory where Oracle database software will be installed

Example: /u01/app/oracle/product/19.0.0/db_1

ORACLE_SID Oracle database instance name

Running the Universal Installer Modes

Installation Mode Description

Interactive A GUI mode where the user interact with the Installer using mouse and keyboard

Requires a GUI Desktop

Silent The installation starts with no interaction required from the user.

A response file is provided to provide information for the installer.

Useful in the following scenarios: • Installing Oracle database software on an operating system with no X

Windows system

• Unattended installations

• Easy installations on multiple machines

The installer is run using -silent option

Response File When some of the required information is provided by the response file and the

response file is provided to the installer but -silent option is omitted

About RPM-Based Oracle Database Installation

• An easy way to install Oracle database software

- performs preinstallation checks

- extracts the database software

- reassigns ownership of the software to the preconfigured user and groups

- maintains the Oracle inventory

- executes all root operations required to configure Oracle Database software

• An RPM-based installation performs a software-only Oracle Database

installation and creates an Oracle home

• A database can be created using the

/etc/init.d/oracledb_ORCLCDB-19c service configuration script

Installing Oracle Database Software Using the RPM

Package

1. Install the required libraries

2. Download the rpm file and copy it to a staging directory

3. Install the database software

yum -y localinstall oracle-database-ee-19c-1.0-1.x86_64.rpm

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Installing Oracle Database Software for Windows

• An Oracle Installation user: - A local account or a domain account - A member of the local Administrators group

• (optional but recommended) An Oracle Home user : - Can be a Windows Built-in Account (LocalSystem for Server and

LocalService for Client), Virtual Account, or a regular (not an administrator)

Windows account - Services run as Oracle Home user

• Some services are created by the installer

Oracle Inventory Directory

• Oracle Inventory is a list of Oracle software products installed in the

system

• In Windows, it is located in the following directory:

C:\Program Files\Oracle\Inventory\ContentsXML

• In Windows, Oracle Home Users are members of ORA_INSTALL group

• In Linux, it is determined in the file /etc/oraInst.loc

inventory_loc=/u01/app/oraInventory

inst_group=oinstall

Uninstalling Oracle Database Software

1. Stop all the services running from Oracle database software home

2. Run the following script:

$ORACLE_HOME/deinstall/deinstall

End of session